ARTICLE

BROADCAST MEDIA REGULATION AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN PAKISTAN

08 Pages : 54-62

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).08      10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).08      Published : Mar 2021

Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan

    Regulation is an important aspect of the freedom of expression of broadcast media. However, in Pakistan, it is purported that broadcast media is heavily regulated, and there is very little space for freedom of expression on broadcast media. This short article examines this contention of heavy regulation by analyzing the regulatory system of broadcast media in Pakistan. The doctrinal legal research method is applied in this study. The socio-legal research method is also adopted to support the doctrinal legal research method. Under socio-legal methods, the qualitative methods of in-depth interviews are adopted. This article finds, among others, that there are numerous issues annexed with the regulation of broadcast media in Pakistan. These issues have seriously affected the applicability of the principle of freedom of expression and also restricted the prospects of effective regulation of broadcast media in Pakistan. In the end, this article articulates future implications regarding the regulation of broadcast media in the country.

    Broadcast Media, Freedom of Expression, Regulation
    (1) Yasir Aleem
    Lecturer, College of Law, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Arif Saeed
    Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Umar Farooq
    Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Abrar, M. (2016). Mohammad Abrar, Pakistani Media Law: An International and Comparative Study. Oxford University Press.
  • Alam, M. (2020, JUNE 22). Broadcast regulation in Pakistan: The need for an enabling regulatory.: http://eastbound.eu/2010/alam
  • Alexander, L. (2000). Freedom of speech, Volume 1. Ashgate.
  • Ali, Y. A. (2011). A Comparative Analysis of Media & Media Laws in Pakistan. Sangemel Publishers Lahore.
  • Ariño, M. (2004). Digital War and Peace: Regulation and Competition in Digital Broadcasting. European Public Law.
  • Baldwin, R. a. (1999). Understanding Regulation. Oxford.
  • Bhatti, H. (2020). Parliament is supreme but constitution is above it: chief justice. www.dawn.com: https://www.dawn.com/news/1390625
  • Biswanathbanerjee. (2021, april 22). Role of Media in Our Society. https://eokhardahreview.wordpress.com/2 015/02/13/the-pen-is-mightier-than-the- sword- 2/: https://eokhardahreview.wordpress.com /2015/02/13/the-pen-is-mightier-than- the-sword-2/
  • Blasi, V. (1995). Milton Areopagitica and the Modern First Amendment. Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository,
  • Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa. (2020, july 21). www.refworld.org: https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4753d3a4 0.pdf
  • Erum, S. (2011). Development of electronic media in Pakistan: A historical perspective. MPhil Thesis. Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University.
  • F, D. I. (2007). Research Methods for Law. Edinburgh: EUP.
  • Feintuck, M. (2004). The 'Public Interest' in Regulation. Oxford.
  • Genelle, I. Belmas, J. M. (2017). Major Principles of Media Law. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  • Hasan, G. (2021, May 08). Democracy and Dictatorship in Pakistan. www.sacw.net: http://www.sacw.net/aii/gardezi99.html
  • Independent Media Corporation (Pvt.) Limited v Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority, PCrLJ 262 (Karachi-High-Court- Sindh 2019).
  • Kee, C. P. (2015). MalaysiaÂ’s contemporary broadcast media regulation through the eyes of regulators. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication.
  • Kee, C. P. (2015). Malaysia's contemporary broadcast media regulation through the eyes of regulators. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication.
  • Kent, G. (1989). Free Speech Justifications. Columbia Law Review, 119-155.
  • Krauss, S. E. (2005). Research Paradigms and Meaning Making: A Primer. The Qualitative Report.
  • L. e. (2018, july). Regulation of ELectronic Media
  • L. E. (2018, July). Regulation of Media.
  • L. E. (2020). Freedom of epression and regulation of broadcast media .
  • Lingens v. Austria. (EU court of Human Rights 1986). 9815/82.
  • McDowell, A. R. (2011). Regulation and media monopoly: A case study of broadcast regulation in Pakistan. 8th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society :Convergence in the Digital Age
  • McKenzie, R. (2011). Comparing Media Regulation Between France, the USA, Mexico and Ghana. Comparative Media Law Journal.
  • Meiklejohn, A. (2001). Free Speech and Its Relation to Self-Government. New York: Harper Brothers Publisher.
  • Miller v. California. (US supreme court 19973). 413, 413 US 15, 24.
  • National Broadcasting Co. v. United States. (US Supreme Court 1943). 319 US 190. Of the committee of ministers to member states on the independence and functions of regulatoryauthorities for the broadcasting sector. (2020, april 22). www.ebu.ch: https://www.ebu.ch/files/live/sites/ebu/file s/Publications/Reference_Texts/CoE - Media Freedom and Plur alism/REF COE-CM-Rec(2000)23.pdf
  • On Liberty. . (2016). www. constitution.org: On Liberty. www. constitution.org. n.d. (accessed July 13, 2016) http://www.constitution.org/jsm/liberty.ht m
  • PBA Opposes Issuance of Licenses for Satellite Broadcast Stations. (2021, May 22). https://www.dawn.com: https://www.dawn.com/news/1479743
  • Pemra ordinanace,www.pemra.gov.pk. n.d. http://www.pemra.gov.pk. (n.d.). www.pemra.gov.pk .
  • Proffitt, A. R. (2013). Diversity or Homogeny: Concentration of Ownership and Media Diversity in Pakistan. Asian Journal of Communication.
  • Rasul, A. (2012). Consolidation in the Name of Regulation: The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) and theConcentration of Media Ownership in Pakistan. Global Media Journal
  • Raza, A. & another v Federation of Pakistan and another. (Supreme Court 2017). PLD Islamabad 64.
  • Rehmat, A. (2021, April 22). WHY IS PAKISTAN'S MEDIA IN CRISIS? www.dawn.com: https://www.dawn.com/news/1495230
  • Shah, D. S. (2019). Genesis of electronic media:understanding the national security perspective of pakistan. Ndu journal .
  • Smartt, U. (2017). Media and Entertainment Law. London: Routledge.
  • Sridhar, M. (2007). The Law of Expression, An Analytical Commentary on Law for Media. Asia Law House.
  • Sridhar, M. (2007). The Law of Expression: An Analytical Commentary on Law for Media . Hyderabad India : Law House .
  • Ursula, S. M. E., & New York: Routledge, 2. (2017). Media Et Entertainment Law . (London: Routledge.
  • Varney, M. F. (2006). Media Regulation, Public Interest and the Law. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Yaqin, A. (2008). Legal Research and Writing Methods. Nagpur: LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa .

Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Aleem, Yasir, Muhammad Arif Saeed, and Muhammad Umar Farooq. 2021. "Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VI (I): 54-62 doi: 10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).08
    HARVARD : ALEEM, Y., SAEED, M. A. & FAROOQ, M. U. 2021. Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan. Global Legal Studies Review, VI, 54-62.
    MHRA : Aleem, Yasir, Muhammad Arif Saeed, and Muhammad Umar Farooq. 2021. "Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VI: 54-62
    MLA : Aleem, Yasir, Muhammad Arif Saeed, and Muhammad Umar Farooq. "Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VI.I (2021): 54-62 Print.
    OXFORD : Aleem, Yasir, Saeed, Muhammad Arif, and Farooq, Muhammad Umar (2021), "Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan", Global Legal Studies Review, VI (I), 54-62
    TURABIAN : Aleem, Yasir, Muhammad Arif Saeed, and Muhammad Umar Farooq. "Broadcast Media, Regulation and Freedom of Expression in Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review VI, no. I (2021): 54-62. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-I).08