ARTICLE

CROSSNATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LABOR LAWS BETWEEN CHINA INDIA AND PAKISTAN

09 Pages : 68-77

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).09      10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).09      Published : Jun 2021

Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan

    The labour laws of China, India, and Pakistan are compared in this article. It shows how imitative isomorphic propensities and basic concepts of justice like equality, equity, and necessity may have resulted in labour law parallels in all the three nations. Unique cultural, social, and historical variables, on the other hand, have resulted in considerable variations in these labour regulations. Understanding these distinction scan help policymakers and corporate leaders make better decisions.

    Cross-national, Comparative, Labor Laws, China, India, and Pakistan
    (1) Zia-ud-Din Malik
    Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Hamid Mukhtar
    Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Kashif Mahmood Saqib
    Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Agarwala, R. (2013). Informal labor, formal politics, and dignified discontent in India. Cambridge University Press
  • Ahmed, S., & Fielding, D. (2019). Changes in maternity leave coverage: Implications for fertility, labour force participation and child mortality. Social Science & Medicine, 241, 112573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019 .112573
  • Almeida, R. (2015). Secularism and 'Gazetted' Holidays in India. Global Secularisms in a Post-Secular Age, 155-170. https://doi.org/10.1515/978161451675 0-011
  • Andersson, R. (2016). Europe's failed 'fight' against irregular migration: ethnographic notes on a counterproductive industry. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(7), 1055-1075. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2016. 1139446.
  • Barrett, B. & Sargeant, M. (2016). The health, safety and well-being of vulnerable workers. InVulnerable Workers (pp. 1-20). Routledge.
  • Caruso, D. (2018). Non-Parties: The Negative Externalities of Regional Trade Agreements in a Private Law Perspective. Scholarly Commons at Boston University School of Law. https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scho larship/346/.
  • Chan, A. (2016). China's workers under assault: Exploitation and abuse in a globalizing economy: exploitation and abuse in a globalizing economy. Routledge.
  • Chan, J., Nair, M., & Rhomberg, C. (2019). Precarization and Labor Resistance: Canada, the USA, India and China. Critical Sociology, 45(4-5), 469-483. https://doi.org/10.1177/089692051982 7634.
  • Chandra, V. (2012). Work-life balance: eastern and western perspectives. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(5), 1040-56.
  • Chemerinsky, E. (2019). Constitutional law: principles and policies. Aspen Publishers
  • Chung, G. (2017). Can employers lawfully 'opt out'of their statutory obligations? A call for reform of fixed-term employment in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Law Review, 25(1), 29- 47.
  • Davidov, G, Freedland, M, & Kountouris, N. (2015). The subjects of labor law:'Employees' and other workers. InComparative labor law. Edward Elgar Publishing
  • Einhorn, R. L. (1999). Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age. The Journal of Economic History, 59(4), 1141-1143. https://doi.org/10.1017/s00220507000 24542.
  • Estrin, S., & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28(1), 41-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010- 9229-1.
  • Fankhauser, S., Gennaioli, C., & Collins, M. (2015). The political economy of passing climate change legislation: Evidence from a survey. Global Environmental Change, 35, 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015. 08.008.
  • Fenwick, C., Howe, J. B., Marshall, S. D., & Landau, I. (2008). Labour and Labour-Related Laws in Micro and Small Enterprises: Innovative Regulatory Approaches. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1123305
  • Flynn, R. (2019). Non-Compete Agreement Got You Stuck in Sexual Harassment? #MeToo: An Analysis of the Correlation Between Non-Compete Agreements and Sexual Harassment. University of Baltimore Law Review, 49(1). https://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/ublr/vol 49/iss1/4
  • Garnero, A., Giuliano, R., Mahy, B., & Rycx, F. (2016). Productivity, wages and profits among Belgian firms: do fixed-term contracts matter? International Journal of Manpower, 37(2), 303-322. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2014- 0263.
  • Gevrek, D., Spencer, M. K., Hudgins, D., & Chambers, V. (2017). I Can't Get No Satisfaction: The Power of Perceived Differences in Employee Retention and Turnover. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2923663.
  • Hakim, C. (2016). Key issues in women's work: Female diversity and the polarisation of women's employment. Routledge- Cavendish
  • Imran, H. A. (2020). Definition of Workers and Application of the Bangladesh Labour Act 2006: An Appraisal. E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, 9(1), 34-52.
  • Kittel, B. (2020). Need-based justice: A sociological perspective.
  • Kollmann, T., Stöckmann, C., Kensbock, J. M., & Peschl, A. (2019). What satisfies younger versus older employees, and why? An aging perspective on equity theory to explain interactive effects of employee age, monetary rewards, and task contributions on job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 59(1), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21981.
  • Kumat, D. (2019). Cutting to Gordian Knot- Restrictive Covenants in Employment Contracts. Int'l. In-House Counsel J. 12(1).
  • Liu, H., Yu, D., & Wang, H. (2020). A review of the development of maternity leave policy in China over the past 70 years. China Population and Development Studies, 3(2), 172-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42379-019- 00038-1.
  • Logasakthi, D. K. (2020). A Comparative Analysis on Maternity Benefits in India with Other Countries. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(3), 4928- 4938.
  • Palmer, D, Biggart N, & Dick B. (2008). Is the new institutionalism a theory? The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. 739-68.
  • Posthuma, R. A. (2020). Comparison of Labor Laws in China, Russia, and the US. Beijing Law Review, 11(01), 128-143. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2020.111009
  • Qasmi, A. U. (2017). Identity formation through national calendar: holidays and commemorations in Pakistan. Nations and Nationalism, 23(3), 620-641. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12310.
  • Rissing B. A, & Castilla E. J. (2014). House of green cards: Statistical or preference-based inequality in the employment of foreign nationals. American Sociological Review, 79(6),1226-1255.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work. Applied Psychology, 48(1), 23-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464- 0597.1999.tb00047.x.
  • Selznick, P. (2020). Law, society, and industrial justice. Quid Pro Books
  • Shangguan, H. (2015). A comparative study of non-compete agreements for trade secret protection in the United States and China. Wash. JL Tech. & Arts.
  • Silva, J. A. (2020). Labour relations in Mexico: change and continuity. Espacios, 41(10), 1. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a20v 41n10/20411001.html
  • Spurk, D., & Straub, C. (2020). Flexible employment relationships and careers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 103435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.10343 5.
  • Swaminathan, S., & Surana, R. (2021). Minors' Contracts: A Major Problem with the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Statute Law Review, 42(1), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmy034.
  • Swider, S. (2015). Building China: precarious employment among migrant construction workers. Work, Employment and Society, 29(1), 41-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/095001701452 6631.
  • Wong, M. A., & Saunders, L. (2020). Reference and Information Services: An Introduction (Library and Information Science Text Series) (6th ed.). Libraries Unlimited.
  • Xie Z. Wages, (2015). Work Hours and Holidays. In Labor Law in China 2015 (pp. 65-78). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
  • Yang, D. L. (2017). China's Troubled Quest for Order: Leadership, Organization and the Contradictions of the Stability Maintenance Regime. Journal of Contemporary China, 26(103), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2016 .1206279.
  • Ye, L., Gindling, T., & Li, S. (2015). Compliance with legal minimum wages and overtime pay regulations in China. IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 4(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40175-015- 0038-2.
  • Zhao, M., Park, S. H., & Zhou, N. (2014). MNC strategy and social adaptation in emerging markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(7), 842-861. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.8.
  • Zuber, C. I. (2020). Explaining the immigrant integration laws of German, Italian and Spanish regions: sub-state nationalism and multilevel party politics. Regional Studies, 54(11), 1486-1497. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019 .1599845.

Cite this article

    APA : Malik, Z., Mukhtar, H., & Saqib, K. M. (2021). Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan. Global Legal Studies Review, VI(II), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).09
    CHICAGO : Malik, Zia-ud-Din, Hamid Mukhtar, and Kashif Mahmood Saqib. 2021. "Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VI (II): 68-77 doi: 10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).09
    HARVARD : MALIK, Z., MUKHTAR, H. & SAQIB, K. M. 2021. Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan. Global Legal Studies Review, VI, 68-77.
    MHRA : Malik, Zia-ud-Din, Hamid Mukhtar, and Kashif Mahmood Saqib. 2021. "Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VI: 68-77
    MLA : Malik, Zia-ud-Din, Hamid Mukhtar, and Kashif Mahmood Saqib. "Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VI.II (2021): 68-77 Print.
    OXFORD : Malik, Zia-ud-Din, Mukhtar, Hamid, and Saqib, Kashif Mahmood (2021), "Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan", Global Legal Studies Review, VI (II), 68-77
    TURABIAN : Malik, Zia-ud-Din, Hamid Mukhtar, and Kashif Mahmood Saqib. "Cross-National Comparative Study of Labor Laws between China, India and Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review VI, no. II (2021): 68-77. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(VI-II).09