Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012)
Federations can be different at the level of centralism and in practices of governance. Due to such idiosyncratic features, states can be considered as centralized on the basis of the powerful federal government at the centre or decentralized because of the implementation of the theory of devolution of power and majoritarian federations due to the influential position of majority ethnic groups of the society. Certain federal states can apply a multi-dimensional system of governance, power and authority, while some other states can ascent more centralized and powerful governance. Some scholars alleged that the capability of the Federal state to meet the issue of ethnic diversity diverges transversely to its commitments and different structures. The aforementioned is further claimed that "a formal federal system functions in practice as a unitary system; the system's capacity is not according to the needs to accommodate ethnic and national cleavages" (Kohli, 2004). On the basis of such suggestions, this research paper endeavors to examine federalism as a tool to manage ethnic diversities in Pakistan. This paper argues that a more effective paradigm of the power sharing mechanism can be fruitful to enable federalism in Pakistan to manage ethnic diversities more exclusively.
-
Federalism, Pakistan, Ethnic Diversities, Conflict Management, Power Sharing
-
(1) Muhammad Imran
PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Mughees Ahmad
Professor/Dean (R), Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Zab Un Nisa
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Graduate College Samanabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Adeney, K. (2007). Federalism and Ethnic Conflict Regulation in India and Pakistan. Pal grave Macmillan: New York.
- Alqama, K. (1997). Bengali Elite Perception of Pakistan, the Road to Disillusionment: Uneven Development or Ethnicity, Karachi: Royal Book Company.
- Bermeo, N. (2004). Federalism and Territorial Cleavages, John Hopkins University Press.
- Burki, S. J. (September, 2010). Provincial Rights and Responsibilities. The Lahore Journal of Economics. pp. 1-14.
- Burris, J. C. (2001). The Implosion of American Federalism. London: Oxford University Press.
- Cohen, S. P. (2005). The Idea of Pakistan, New Delhi: oxford university press.
- Friedrich C. J. (1968). Constitutional Governments and democracy, theory and Practice in Europe and Africa. Bombay: Oxford University Press & IBM Publishing Company.
- Gagnon, A. (1993). Comparative Federalism and Federation: Competing Traditions and Future Directions. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Glaser, D. J. (2003). Politics and Society in South Africa. Bombay: Sage Publications
- Kennedy, C. H. (1993). 'Managing ethnic conflict: the case of Pakistan', Regional and Federal Studies, 3(1).123-143
- Kronstadt, K. A. (2008). Pakistan's Political Crisis. Congressionnal Research Service.
- Kymlicka, W. (2001). Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism,
- Kymlicka, W. (2005). Multiculturalism in Asia. USA: Oxford University Press.
- Lijphart, A. (1991). Constitutional Choices for New Democracies. Journal of Democracy, 2(1).
- McGarry, J. (2006). The Politics of ethnic Conflict Regulations. London: Routledge.
- McGarry, J., & O' Leary, B. (eds.) (1993). The Politics of ethnic Conflict Regulations. London: Routledge.
- Mushtaq, M. (2009). Managing ethnic diversity and Federalism in Pakistan, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.33(2).
- Nazir, N. (2008). Federalism in Pakistan: Early Years. Lahore: Pakistan Study Center PU.
- Peterson. (2004). Federalism. Stockholm: SNS Forlag.
- Riker, W. H. (1964). Federalism: Origin, Operation and Significance. Boston: Little Brown.
- Rizvi, A. H. (2008). Prospects of Democracy in Pakistan. Daily Times. Februay 12, 2013 www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page= 20081116story_16-11-2008_pg3-2
- Schwartz, B. (1955). American Constitutional Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Smooha, S. (2002). Types of Democracy and Modes of Conflict-Management in Ethnically Divided Societies. Nations and Nationalism, 8(4).
- Wheare, K. C. (1990). What Federal Government is: Studies in Federal Planning? London: Patrick Ransome.
Cite this article
-
APA : Imran, M., Ahmad, M., & Nisa, Z. U. (2020). Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012). Global Legal Studies Review, V(III), 96-104. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).12
-
CHICAGO : Imran, Muhammad, Mughees Ahmad, and Zab Un Nisa. 2020. "Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012)." Global Legal Studies Review, V (III): 96-104 doi: 10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).12
-
HARVARD : IMRAN, M., AHMAD, M. & NISA, Z. U. 2020. Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012). Global Legal Studies Review, V, 96-104.
-
MHRA : Imran, Muhammad, Mughees Ahmad, and Zab Un Nisa. 2020. "Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012)." Global Legal Studies Review, V: 96-104
-
MLA : Imran, Muhammad, Mughees Ahmad, and Zab Un Nisa. "Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012)." Global Legal Studies Review, V.III (2020): 96-104 Print.
-
OXFORD : Imran, Muhammad, Ahmad, Mughees, and Nisa, Zab Un (2020), "Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012)", Global Legal Studies Review, V (III), 96-104
-
TURABIAN : Imran, Muhammad, Mughees Ahmad, and Zab Un Nisa. "Federalism in Pakistan: A Conflict Management Tool to Manage Ethnic Diversities (2002-2012)." Global Legal Studies Review V, no. III (2020): 96-104. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).12