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- Gurtner, B. (2010). The Financial and Economic Crisis and Developing Countries. Revue Internationale de Politique de Développement, 1(1), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.144
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- Hamdani, K. (2015). Globalization: The Challenge for Pakistan. The Lahore journal of economics, 20 (Special Edition), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2015.v20.isp.a10
- Heuvel, E. v. (2018). Online Dispute Resolution As A Solution To Cross-Border E-Disputes An Introduction To Odr. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/digital/consumer/1878940.pdf
- Ho¨rnle, J. (2003). Online Dispute Resolution: The Emperor’s New Clothes? International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 17(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360086032000063093
- HOLLIS, D. (2021). A Brief Primer on International Law and Cyberspace. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/06/14/brief-primer-on-international-law-and-cyberspace-pub-84763
- ICLG. (2021, November 3). Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations USA 2022. ICLG.com: https://iclg.com/practice-areas/cybersecurity-laws-and-regulations/usa
- IWS. (2022). Internet world stats. Internet World Stats: https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
- Kaka, N. (2019). Digital India Technology to transform a connected nation. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/digital-india-technology-to-transform-a-connected-nation
- Katsh, E., & Rabinovich-Einy, O. (2017). Digital justice. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190464585.001.0001
- Khan, M. D., Kaya, S., & Habib, R. I. (2018). Global Trends of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) with reference to Online Trade in Pakistan. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 303- 311.Kemp, S. (2022, Feb 16). Digital 2022: Pakistan. DATAREPORTAL. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-pakistan#:~:text=Internet%20use%20in%20Pakistan%20in,at%20the%20start%20of%202022
- Khan, M. A., & Law, L. S. (2018). The Role of National Cultures in Shaping the Corporate Management Cultures: A Three-Country Theoretical Analysis. In IntechOpen eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78051
- Khan, M. D., Kaya, S., & Habib, R. I. (2019). Global Trends of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) with reference to Online Trade in Pakistan. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 4(2), 303– 311. https://doi.org/10.26710/reads.v4i2.415
- Lipsky, D. B., & Avgar, A. C. (2007). Online Dispute Resolution Through the Lens of Bargaining and Negotiation Theory: Toward an Integrated Model. Ecommons.cornell.edu. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/759 08
- Mandavia, M. (2019, September 26). India has second highest number of Internet users after China: Report. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/india-has-second-highest-number-of-internet-users-after-china-report/articleshow/71311705.cms?from=mdr
- MCT. (2019). E-Commerce Policy Framework of Pakistan. Ministry of Commerce & Textile (Commerce Division).
- MPDR. (2021). Pakistan 2025, one nation - one vision. Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms.
- Qaiser, K., Qaiser, Z., & Hameed, U. (2020). The Workable Modalities of Online Dispute Resolution in Pakistan. Global Legal Studies Review, V(III), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).05
- Qtaishat, A. K., Alshawabkeh, H. M., & Saleh, H. T. (2018, February 3 ). European Union Directive on Mediation: Assessing the Developments and Challenges. European Journal of Scientific Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3354099
- Ravala, S. (2008). Alternative Dispute Resolution in Pakistan. Hauser Global Law School Program: https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Pakistan_ADR.html
- Seyadi, R. M. (2015, December). Challenges in implementing the 1958 New York Convention: A case study of the Arab Gulf States. The University of Sheffied. https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13192/1/P.h.D%20thesis.pdf
- Singh, S. (2019). Measuring E-Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction with Internet Banking in India. Theoretical Economics Letters, 09(02), 308–326. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2019.92023
- Smeets, M. (2021). Adapting to the digital trade era: challenges and opportunities. Switzerland: WTO. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/adtera_e.htm
- STAFF, P. (2021, OCTOBER 11). What are the Three Basic Types of Dispute Resolution? What to Know About Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation. How to choose the best dispute resolution process. Harvard Law School. https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/dispute-resolution/what-are-the-three-basic-types-of-dispute-resolution-what-to-know-about-mediation-arbitration-and-litigation/
- Tan, V. (2018). Online dispute resolution and consumer disputes in Australia. Centre for AI and Digital Ethics. University of Melbourne. https://www.unimelb.edu.au/caide/research/online-dispute-resolution-and-consumer-disputes-in-australia
- UN. (2016). United Nations Commission On International Trade Law. Online Dispute Resolution. https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/onlinedispute
- UNCITRAL. (2017). Technical Notes on Online Dispute Resolution. New York: Vienna International Centre. https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media-documents/uncitral/en/v1700382_english_technical_notes_on_odr.pdf
- Verma, D., Banwari, A., & Pande, N. (2018). Online Dispute Resolution. Digital Communication Management. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76032
- Lodder, A. R., & Zeleznikow, J. (2012, May 15). Internet and Dispute Resolution - Chapter 1 (Intro) and 2 (Norms). Social Science Research Network. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2059976
- Zheng, J. (2016). The Role of ODR in Resolving Electronic Commerce Disputes in China. International Journal on Online Dispute Resolution, 3(1), 41–68. https://doi.org/10.5553/ijodr/235250022016003001006
- ADCCAC. (2022). Abu Dhabi Commercial Conciliation & Arbitration Center. http://www.adccac.ae/English/Pages/Default.aspx
- Ali, Z. (2017, July 26). INASIA INSIGHTS AND ANALYSIS. Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Paradigm Shift in Pakistan's Justice System? The Asia Foundation. https://asiafoundation.org/2017/07/26/alternative-dispute-resolution-paradigm-shift-pakistans-justice-system/
- APEC, A. E. (2022, JUNE 20). APEC Launches Collaborative Framework on Online Dispute Resolution to Help Small Businesses. Asia-Pacific Economic Corporation. https://www.apec.org/press/news-releases/2022/apec-launches-collaborative-framework-on-online-dispute-resolution-to-help-small-businesses
- Bedaiwi, A. (2019). Alternative Dispute Resolution: Toward a Clear, Reliable and Effective Dispute Resolution System in Saudi Arabia. Penn State Law E-Library. https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/sjd/12
- Bertolini, A. (2021, February). Liability of online platforms. Brussels: European Union
- Betancourt, J. C., & Zlatanska, E. (2013). Online Dispute Resolution (ODR): What is it, and is it the Way Forward? 79 International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management, (2013) 3, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2325422
- Bruce, R. R., Ellam, T. S., Macmillan, R., Miedema, T., & Intven, H. (2006). Dispute Resolution in the Telecommunications Sector: Current Practices and Future Directions. World Bank. https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/library/dispute-resolution-telecommunications-sector-current-practices-and-future-directions
- CAAC. (2005). Construction Adjudicator Accreditation Committee. Singapore Mediation Centre (SMC): https://www.mediation.com.sg
- Chawla, N., & Kumar, B. (2021). E-Commerce and consumer protection in India: the emerging trend. Journal of Business Ethics, 180(2), 581– 604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04884-3
- Colombia, & USA. (2015). Online dispute resolution for cross-border electronic commerce transactions. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media-documents/uncitral/en/acn9_wg.iii_xxxii_crp.3_e.pdf
- DIAC. (2022, Mar 7). Dubai International Arbitration Centre. AL TAMIMI & CO.: https://www.tamimi.com/news/the-dubai-international-arbitration-centre-launches-its-highly-anticipated-new-rules/
- Digwatch. (2022). E-commerce and trade. Dig. watc.
- Doney, P. M., Cannon, J. P., & Mullen, M. R. (1998). Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 601–620. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.926629
- EN. (2013). Directive 2013/11/Eu Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 21 May 2013. Official Journal of the European Union, 63-79. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2013/11/oj
- Farhad, A., Moore, G., Revilla, P. U., Savoie, B., & Dubot, L. (2022, April 07). Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) issues long-awaited revised Arbitration Rules. Mayerbrown. https://www.mayerbrown.com/en/perspectives-events/publications/2022/04/diac-issues-long-awaited-revised-arbitration-rules
- Goodman, J. W. (2003). The Pros and Cons of Online Dispute Resolution: An Assessment of Cyber- Mediation Websites, 2 Duke Law & Technology Review 1-16 https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dltr/vol2/iss1/2/
- Government. (2019). E-Commerce Policy of Pakistan. Ministry of Commerce & Textile (Commerce Division). https://www.commerce.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/e-Commerce_Policy_of_Pakistan_Web.pdf
- GTLAW. (2021). Guide to Dispute Resolution in Australia. Gilbert Tobin. https://www.gtlaw.com.au/knowledge/doing-business-australia/guide-dispute-resoluation-australia
- Gurtner, B. (2010). The Financial and Economic Crisis and Developing Countries. Revue Internationale de Politique de Développement, 1(1), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.144
- Guterres, A. (2021). Digital Economy Report 2021 Cross-border data flows and development: For whom the data flow. United Nations Publications, New York. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/der2021_en.pdf
- Hamdani, K. (2015). Globalization: The Challenge for Pakistan. The Lahore journal of economics, 20 (Special Edition), 225–240. https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2015.v20.isp.a10
- Heuvel, E. v. (2018). Online Dispute Resolution As A Solution To Cross-Border E-Disputes An Introduction To Odr. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/digital/consumer/1878940.pdf
- Ho¨rnle, J. (2003). Online Dispute Resolution: The Emperor’s New Clothes? International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 17(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360086032000063093
- HOLLIS, D. (2021). A Brief Primer on International Law and Cyberspace. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/06/14/brief-primer-on-international-law-and-cyberspace-pub-84763
- ICLG. (2021, November 3). Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations USA 2022. ICLG.com: https://iclg.com/practice-areas/cybersecurity-laws-and-regulations/usa
- IWS. (2022). Internet world stats. Internet World Stats: https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
- Kaka, N. (2019). Digital India Technology to transform a connected nation. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/digital-india-technology-to-transform-a-connected-nation
- Katsh, E., & Rabinovich-Einy, O. (2017). Digital justice. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190464585.001.0001
- Khan, M. D., Kaya, S., & Habib, R. I. (2018). Global Trends of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) with reference to Online Trade in Pakistan. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 303- 311.Kemp, S. (2022, Feb 16). Digital 2022: Pakistan. DATAREPORTAL. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-pakistan#:~:text=Internet%20use%20in%20Pakistan%20in,at%20the%20start%20of%202022
- Khan, M. A., & Law, L. S. (2018). The Role of National Cultures in Shaping the Corporate Management Cultures: A Three-Country Theoretical Analysis. In IntechOpen eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78051
- Khan, M. D., Kaya, S., & Habib, R. I. (2019). Global Trends of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) with reference to Online Trade in Pakistan. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 4(2), 303– 311. https://doi.org/10.26710/reads.v4i2.415
- Lipsky, D. B., & Avgar, A. C. (2007). Online Dispute Resolution Through the Lens of Bargaining and Negotiation Theory: Toward an Integrated Model. Ecommons.cornell.edu. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/759 08
- Mandavia, M. (2019, September 26). India has second highest number of Internet users after China: Report. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/india-has-second-highest-number-of-internet-users-after-china-report/articleshow/71311705.cms?from=mdr
- MCT. (2019). E-Commerce Policy Framework of Pakistan. Ministry of Commerce & Textile (Commerce Division).
- MPDR. (2021). Pakistan 2025, one nation - one vision. Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms.
- Qaiser, K., Qaiser, Z., & Hameed, U. (2020). The Workable Modalities of Online Dispute Resolution in Pakistan. Global Legal Studies Review, V(III), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2020(V-III).05
- Qtaishat, A. K., Alshawabkeh, H. M., & Saleh, H. T. (2018, February 3 ). European Union Directive on Mediation: Assessing the Developments and Challenges. European Journal of Scientific Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3354099
- Ravala, S. (2008). Alternative Dispute Resolution in Pakistan. Hauser Global Law School Program: https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Pakistan_ADR.html
- Seyadi, R. M. (2015, December). Challenges in implementing the 1958 New York Convention: A case study of the Arab Gulf States. The University of Sheffied. https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13192/1/P.h.D%20thesis.pdf
- Singh, S. (2019). Measuring E-Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction with Internet Banking in India. Theoretical Economics Letters, 09(02), 308–326. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2019.92023
- Smeets, M. (2021). Adapting to the digital trade era: challenges and opportunities. Switzerland: WTO. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/adtera_e.htm
- STAFF, P. (2021, OCTOBER 11). What are the Three Basic Types of Dispute Resolution? What to Know About Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation. How to choose the best dispute resolution process. Harvard Law School. https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/dispute-resolution/what-are-the-three-basic-types-of-dispute-resolution-what-to-know-about-mediation-arbitration-and-litigation/
- Tan, V. (2018). Online dispute resolution and consumer disputes in Australia. Centre for AI and Digital Ethics. University of Melbourne. https://www.unimelb.edu.au/caide/research/online-dispute-resolution-and-consumer-disputes-in-australia
- UN. (2016). United Nations Commission On International Trade Law. Online Dispute Resolution. https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/onlinedispute
- UNCITRAL. (2017). Technical Notes on Online Dispute Resolution. New York: Vienna International Centre. https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media-documents/uncitral/en/v1700382_english_technical_notes_on_odr.pdf
- Verma, D., Banwari, A., & Pande, N. (2018). Online Dispute Resolution. Digital Communication Management. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76032
- Lodder, A. R., & Zeleznikow, J. (2012, May 15). Internet and Dispute Resolution - Chapter 1 (Intro) and 2 (Norms). Social Science Research Network. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2059976
- Zheng, J. (2016). The Role of ODR in Resolving Electronic Commerce Disputes in China. International Journal on Online Dispute Resolution, 3(1), 41–68. https://doi.org/10.5553/ijodr/235250022016003001006
Cite this article
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APA : Ch, S. N., & Jamal, S. (2023). International Inclination Towards Online Dispute Resolution: Trends and Issues in Virtual Commerce of Pakistan. Global Legal Studies Review, VIII(II), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).10
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CHICAGO : Ch, Sehrish Neik, and Shumaila Jamal. 2023. "International Inclination Towards Online Dispute Resolution: Trends and Issues in Virtual Commerce of Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VIII (II): 94-103 doi: 10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).10
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HARVARD : CH, S. N. & JAMAL, S. 2023. International Inclination Towards Online Dispute Resolution: Trends and Issues in Virtual Commerce of Pakistan. Global Legal Studies Review, VIII, 94-103.
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MHRA : Ch, Sehrish Neik, and Shumaila Jamal. 2023. "International Inclination Towards Online Dispute Resolution: Trends and Issues in Virtual Commerce of Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VIII: 94-103
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MLA : Ch, Sehrish Neik, and Shumaila Jamal. "International Inclination Towards Online Dispute Resolution: Trends and Issues in Virtual Commerce of Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review, VIII.II (2023): 94-103 Print.
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OXFORD : Ch, Sehrish Neik and Jamal, Shumaila (2023), "International Inclination Towards Online Dispute Resolution: Trends and Issues in Virtual Commerce of Pakistan", Global Legal Studies Review, VIII (II), 94-103
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TURABIAN : Ch, Sehrish Neik, and Shumaila Jamal. "International Inclination Towards Online Dispute Resolution: Trends and Issues in Virtual Commerce of Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review VIII, no. II (2023): 94-103. https://doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2023(VIII-II).10