References

• Aronowitz, & Alexis, A. (2009) . Human Trafficking, Human Misery: The Global Trade in Human. Praeger
• Beings. (2009). Adnan Ali Haider, A.A & Malik, F.A. (2007) .Violence against children: A challenge for Public Health in Pakistan . Journal for Health, Population and Nutrition. 25, 168-178.
• Anwar, M. (2004). Child trafficking for Camel Races: A Perspective from Pakistan. CRSD.
• Ali, Syed Rashid et al. (2014). Child Trafficking: The Exploitative Aspect of Pakhtun Culture . Gomal University Journal of Research. 30(2), 19-28.
• Ansari, A. (2020, October14). At least 3 women, 4 children allegedly raped in Kasur over 48 hours. DAWN. https://www.dawn.com/news/1585034
• Andy ,K. (2016, December 20). Iqbal Masih [Documentary]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UStGt Ne6VJ0
• Chugtai, A. (2018, March 8). Hussain Khanwala: Village Scared by Child Abuse Scandal', AL- JAZEERA. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018 /3/8/hussain-khanwala-village-scarred-by- child-abuse-scandal Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. August 14, 1973. http://.na.gov.pk/publications/constitution.p df/
• Convention on the Rights of Child, September 2, 1990. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinte rest/pages/crc.aspx
• Dillon, S. A. (2008). What Human Rights Law Obscures: Global Sex Trafficking and the Demand for Children. UCLA Women's Law Journal. 17(1), 121-186.
• Dragiewicz, M. (2015). Global Human Trafficking: Critical Issues and Context. Routledge
• Ebee, Obi, N. I., & Dilip, K. (2008). Global trafficking in Women and Children. Taylor and Francis Group.
• Haider, E. (2016). He was 12-years-old and wanted to liberate slaves in Pakistan. He is dead now. Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/article/31584/iqbal -masih-the-boy-who-stood-against-child- labour-can-you-empathise-with-iqbal- masih-and-other-12-million-children-forced- into-bonded-labour
• Hanif, M. (2006). Vs The State, Criminal Miscellaneous No.1634-B, 20TH July, 2006. 2008 YLR 810.
• Human Rights Watch. (2016). [Pakistan], World Report 2016: Events of 2015, [Bristol University Press; Policy Press] (pp 438- 461). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvndv9bj.22
• Hussein, M., & Hussain, S. (2012).Internal Trafficking of Women and Girls in Pakistan: A Research Study. Aurat Publication and Information Services Foundation , http://af.org.pk/gep/images/Research Studies (Gender Based Violen ce)/study on trafficking final.p df
• International Labour Organization. (2018). Ending Child Labour by 2025: A Review of Policies and Programmes https://www.ilo.org/ipec/Informationresour ces/WCMS_653987/lang--en/index.htm
• International Labour Organization. (2009). Training Manual to Fight Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and other forms of Exploitation: Understanding Child Trafficking. https://www.ilo.org/ipec/Informationresour ces/WCMS_IPEC_PUB_10771/lang-- en/index.htm
• Khan, R. K. A. [2019]. Bibi.T. Criminal appeal No.154 of 2018 and CR1.P.S.L.A No.2 of 2018, decided on 11th June, 2018.2019 Y L R 98 Islamabad.
• Khan, M. I. (2020, June12). Zahra: Pakistan couple face polygraph over child maid 'tortured to death'. BBC News.
• Kara, S. (2010). Inside the Business of Modern Slaver y. Columbia University Press New York.
• Lehti, M., & Aromaa, K. (2006). Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation. Crime and Justice 34(1), 133-227.
• Mehmood, S., & Shaukat, N. (2015). The Pakistan Penal Code III (2015).
• Mehmood, S., & Shaukat, N. (2017). The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 1.
• Mohyuddin, A., & Chaudhry. (2013).Women and Children for Sexual Exploitation in Pakistan. J. Asian Dev. Stud. 2(4), 23-36.
• Miller, J. R. (2006). Slave Trade: Combating Human Trafficking. Harvard International Review, 27(4), 70-73.
• Miers, S. (2000). Contemporary Forms of Slavery. Canadian Journal of African Studies, 34(3), 714-747.
• Naveed, S., & Butt, K. M. (2015). Causes and Consequences of Child Marriages in South Asia: Pakistan's Perspective .A Research Journal of South Asian Studies.
• Okuba, S., & Shelley. (2011). Human Security, Transnational Crime and Human: Asian and Western Perspectives.
• Obokata, T. (2006). Trafficking of Human Beings from a Human Rights Perspective: Towards a Holistic Approach.
• Razi, N., Zahoor, R., Anwar, M, F., &Jamshed, J. (2014). Child Marriage in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis in the Light of Socio-Legal and Religious Context. 18(2). Palarch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology.
• Sargand, (2013). 6 others Vs The State, Criminal Miscellaneous Bail Application No.438-M, 8th October, 2013. (2014 M L D 1464). https://www.peshawarhighcourt.gov.pk/PH CCMS//judgments/2014-M-L-D-1464.pdf
• Siddiqi, A. (2009). Child labour Dynamics in Punjab. Journal of Third World Studies. 26(2), 255-272.
• Siddique, M. (1997). Mansha and others, P L D 1997 Lahore 428.
• Sultan, M., & The State. (2013). Criminal Miscellaneous B.A No.647-M, 26TH December, 2012.2013 P Cr. L J 950. https://peshawarhighcourt.gov.pk/PHCCM S//judgments/20-2013-PCrLJ-950.pdf
• The Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act, March 24, 2016. http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/ 1467011388_916.pdf
• U.S Department of State. (June 2006). Trafficking in Person Report. https://2009- 2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2006/index .htm
• U.S Department of State. (July 2015). Trafficking in Person Report. https://2009- 2017.state.gov/documents/organization/2 45365.pdf
• U.S Department of State. (2017). Trafficking in Person Report. https://2009- 2017.state.gov/documents/organization/2 45365.pdf
• U.S Department of State. (2019). Trafficking in Person Report. https://www.state.gov/wp- content/uploads/2019/06/2019- Trafficking-in-Persons-Report.pdf
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights, December 10, 1948. https://www.ohchr.org/en/udhr/documents /udhr_translations/eng.pdf
• Worst Form of Child Labour Convention no.182, November 19, 2000. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p= NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_IL O_CODE:C182